{"product_id":"speculative-freemasonry-and-the-enlightenment-a-study-of-the-craft-in-london-paris-prague-vienna-and-philadelphia-2d-ed-9781476669137","title":"Speculative Freemasonry and the Enlightenment: A Study of the Craft in London, Paris, Prague, Vienna and Philadelphia, 2D Ed.","description":"\u003cp\u003e Freemasonry began with stonemasons in the Middle Ages experiencing the decline of cathedral building. Some guilds invited honorary memberships to boost their numbers. These usually highly educated new members practiced symbolic or \"speculative Freemasonry.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e The new Masonic lodges and learned societies offered their growing numbers of Protestant, Catholic and Jewish members an understanding of deism, Newtonian science and representative government, and of literature and the fine arts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e This work describes how Masons on both sides of the Atlantic were mostly either enlighteners, political reformers or moderate revolutionaries. They offered minimal support to radical revolutionary ideas and leaders.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/correctionsbookstore.com\/search?type=product%2Carticle%2Cpage\u0026amp;q=AUTH-11875347\"\u003eR. William Weisberger\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e McFarland \u0026amp; Company\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 11\/18\/2017\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 240\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBinding Type:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.70lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 8.80h x 5.90w x 0.60d\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781476669137\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN10:\u003c\/b\u003e 1476669139\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBISAC Categories:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/correctionsbookstore.com\/search?type=product%2Carticle%2Cpage\u0026amp;q=CAT-HIS\"\u003eHistory\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/correctionsbookstore.com\/search?type=product%2Carticle%2Cpage\u0026amp;q=BISAC-HIS037000\"\u003eWorld | General\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/correctionsbookstore.com\/search?type=product%2Carticle%2Cpage\u0026amp;q=CAT-SOC\"\u003eSocial Science\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/correctionsbookstore.com\/search?type=product%2Carticle%2Cpage\u0026amp;q=BISAC-SOC038000\"\u003eFreemasonry \u0026amp; Secret Societies\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eR. William Weisberger\u003c\/b\u003e has long been a professor of history at Butler County Community College in Pennsylvania and an adjunct professor at the University of Pittsburgh. He has written articles for the \u003ci\u003eEast European Quarterly\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003ePennsylvania History\u003c\/i\u003e and book reviews for \u003ci\u003eThe American Historical Review, The Journal of American History\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eThe Journal of Social History\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"McFarland \u0026 Company","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45940484800687,"sku":"9781476669137","price":66.58,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0651\/9255\/8767\/files\/img_16b4282d-582a-4fec-b89e-cf274d3e8d9f.jpg?v=1759854151","url":"https:\/\/www.correctionsbookstore.com\/es\/products\/speculative-freemasonry-and-the-enlightenment-a-study-of-the-craft-in-london-paris-prague-vienna-and-philadelphia-2d-ed-9781476669137","provider":"Corrections Bookstore ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}